Critical Materials: Batteries for Electric Vehicles

The transition to a low-carbon energy system requires a secure and sufficient supply of critical materials for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. While global resources are available, the key challenge lies in scaling up production to meet rising demand by 2030. This report examines the supply-demand dynamics of key materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite, assesses potential bottlenecks, and explores technological innovations that could mitigate material constraints. It provides insights into policy strategies to ensure a resilient, sustainable, and cost-effective supply chain for EV batteries.